Bell-inequality violation with entangled photons, free of the coincidence-time loophole (2024)

Larsson, J-A., Giustina, M., Kofler, J., Wittmann, B., Ursin, R., & Ramelow, S. (2014). Bell-inequality violation with entangled photons, free of the coincidence-time loophole. Physical Review A, 90(3), [032107]. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.90.032107

Larsson, Jan-Ake ; Giustina, Marissa ; Kofler, Johannes et al. / Bell-inequality violation with entangled photons, free of the coincidence-time loophole. in: Physical Review A. 2014 ; Band 90, Nr. 3.

@article{4522b168ec56488ca1382e2a9b926a57,

title = "Bell-inequality violation with entangled photons, free of the coincidence-time loophole",

abstract = "In a local realist model, physical properties are defined prior to and independent of measurement and no physical influence can propagate faster than the speed of light. Proper experimental violation of a Bell inequality would show that the world cannot be described with such a model. Experiments intended to demonstrate a violation usually require additional assumptions that make them vulnerable to a number of “loopholes.” In both pulsed and continuously pumped photonic experiments, an experimenter needs to identify which detected photons belong to the same pair, giving rise to the coincidence-time loophole. Here, via two different methods, we derive Clauser-Horne- and Eberhard-type inequalities that are not only free of the fair-sampling assumption (thus not being vulnerable to the detection loophole), but also free of the fair-coincidence assumption (thus not being vulnerable to the coincidence-time loophole). Both approaches can be used for pulsed as well as for continuously pumped experiments. Moreover, as they can also be applied to already existing experimental data, we finally show that a recent experiment [Giustina et al., Nature (London) 497, 227 (2013)] violated local realism without requiring the fair-coincidence assumption.",

keywords = "LOCAL REALISM",

author = "Jan-Ake Larsson and Marissa Giustina and Johannes Kofler and Bernhard Wittmann and Rupert Ursin and Sven Ramelow",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2014 American Physical Society.",

year = "2014",

month = sep,

day = "16",

doi = "10.1103/PhysRevA.90.032107",

language = "English",

volume = "90",

journal = "Physical Review A",

issn = "2469-9926",

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number = "3",

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Larsson, J-A, Giustina, M, Kofler, J, Wittmann, B, Ursin, R & Ramelow, S 2014, 'Bell-inequality violation with entangled photons, free of the coincidence-time loophole', Physical Review A, Jg. 90, Nr. 3, 032107. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.90.032107

Bell-inequality violation with entangled photons, free of the coincidence-time loophole. / Larsson, Jan-Ake; Giustina, Marissa; Kofler, Johannes et al.

in: Physical Review A, Band 90, Nr. 3, 032107, 16.09.2014.

Veröffentlichungen: Beitrag in Fachzeitschrift › Artikel › Peer Reviewed

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T1 - Bell-inequality violation with entangled photons, free of the coincidence-time loophole

AU - Larsson, Jan-Ake

AU - Giustina, Marissa

AU - Kofler, Johannes

AU - Wittmann, Bernhard

AU - Ursin, Rupert

AU - Ramelow, Sven

N1 - Publisher Copyright:© 2014 American Physical Society.

PY - 2014/9/16

Y1 - 2014/9/16

N2 - In a local realist model, physical properties are defined prior to and independent of measurement and no physical influence can propagate faster than the speed of light. Proper experimental violation of a Bell inequality would show that the world cannot be described with such a model. Experiments intended to demonstrate a violation usually require additional assumptions that make them vulnerable to a number of “loopholes.” In both pulsed and continuously pumped photonic experiments, an experimenter needs to identify which detected photons belong to the same pair, giving rise to the coincidence-time loophole. Here, via two different methods, we derive Clauser-Horne- and Eberhard-type inequalities that are not only free of the fair-sampling assumption (thus not being vulnerable to the detection loophole), but also free of the fair-coincidence assumption (thus not being vulnerable to the coincidence-time loophole). Both approaches can be used for pulsed as well as for continuously pumped experiments. Moreover, as they can also be applied to already existing experimental data, we finally show that a recent experiment [Giustina et al., Nature (London) 497, 227 (2013)] violated local realism without requiring the fair-coincidence assumption.

AB - In a local realist model, physical properties are defined prior to and independent of measurement and no physical influence can propagate faster than the speed of light. Proper experimental violation of a Bell inequality would show that the world cannot be described with such a model. Experiments intended to demonstrate a violation usually require additional assumptions that make them vulnerable to a number of “loopholes.” In both pulsed and continuously pumped photonic experiments, an experimenter needs to identify which detected photons belong to the same pair, giving rise to the coincidence-time loophole. Here, via two different methods, we derive Clauser-Horne- and Eberhard-type inequalities that are not only free of the fair-sampling assumption (thus not being vulnerable to the detection loophole), but also free of the fair-coincidence assumption (thus not being vulnerable to the coincidence-time loophole). Both approaches can be used for pulsed as well as for continuously pumped experiments. Moreover, as they can also be applied to already existing experimental data, we finally show that a recent experiment [Giustina et al., Nature (London) 497, 227 (2013)] violated local realism without requiring the fair-coincidence assumption.

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Larsson J-A, Giustina M, Kofler J, Wittmann B, Ursin R, Ramelow S. Bell-inequality violation with entangled photons, free of the coincidence-time loophole. Physical Review A. 2014 Sep 16;90(3):032107. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevA.90.032107